Jammu and Kashmir Public Services Commission (JKPSC)
Lecturer (10+2) Chemistry
Subject / Paper: Chemistry
Exam Cycle: 2025
Exam Type: Pen-and-Paper (OMR Based)
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COURSE OVERVIEW
Exam Name: Lecturer (10+2) Chemistry
Conducting Authority: Jammu and Kashmir Public Services Commission (JKPSC)
Level: Competitive
Examination Type: MCQs
No. of Questions: 100 MCQs
Total Marks: 100 Marks
Duration: 2 Hours
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LIST OF UNITS (Verbatim)
Unit I: Quantum Chemistry
Unit II: Molecular spectroscopy
Unit III: Electrochemistry
Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics & Photochemistry
Unit V: States of Matter
Unit VI: Laws of Thermodynamics and Chemical Equilibria
Unit VII: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Unit VIII: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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UNIT-WISE DETAILED SYLLABUS (Verbatim)
Unit I: Quantum Chemistry
Topic 1: Quantum Chemistry
Subtopics:
○ Eigen functions and eigen values; Angular momentum and eigen values of angular momentum,
○ spin, Pauli exclusion principle, Schrödinger’s equation (time dependent); and wave mechanics of simple systems,particle in one dimensional box, simple harmonic oscillator and the Hydrogen atom.
○ Postulates of quantum, mechanics, Chemical bonding in diatomics; elementary concepts of MO and VB theories; Huckel theory for conjugated π-electron systems
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Unit II: Molecular spectroscopy
Topic 1: Spectroscopy
Subtopics:
○ Electromagnetic spectrum, Statement of Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
Topic 2: Rotational spectrum
Subtopics:
○ Moment of inertia, classification of molecules on the basis of moment of inertia.
○ Energy of a rigid diatomic rotor, selection rules for rotational transition and associated spectrum, relative population of rotational levels and spectral intensity, determination of bond length.
Topic 3: Vibrational Spectrum
Subtopics:
○ Classical and quantum mechanical (qualitative) treatment of simple harmonic oscillator, selection rules for vibrational transition, pure vibrational spectrum of a diatomic molecule, determination of force constant, relation of force constant with bond length and bond energy, vibrational degrees of freedom, idea of vibrational frequencies of different functional groups and selection rules.
Topic 4: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
Subtopics:
○ The electromagnetic spectrum. Beer-Lambert law, molar absorptivity, presentation and analysis of electronic spectra. Types of electronieexcitations.
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Unit III: Electrochemistry
Topic 1: Conductivity and Transport
Subtopics:
○ Molar and equivalent conductivity; Migration of ions and Kohlrausch law, Debye-HuckelOnsager’s equation for strong electrolytes. Transport number, Application of conductivity measurements: determination of degree of dissociation and dissociation constants of acids; determination of solubility product of a sparingly soluble salt, Debye-Huckel theory.
Topic 2: Electrodes and Potentials
Subtopics:
○ Types of reversible electrodes: gas-metal-ion, metal-metal ion, Electrode potential, standard electrode potential, standard hydrogen electrode, reference electrodes, sign conventions.
○ Electrode reactions, Nernst equation, determination of cell E.M.F, electrochemical series and its significance.
Topic 3: Electrochemical Cells and Applications
Subtopics:
○ Electrolytic and Galvanic cells reversible and irreversible cells, conventional representation of an electrochemical cell. Measurement of EMF of a cell. Calculation of thermodynamic functions of cell reactions (AG, ΔH and K.).
○ Concentration cells, valency of ions, solubility product and activity coefficient. Corrosion, Batteries.Potentiometric titrations.
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Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics & Photochemistry
Topic 1: Chemical Kinetics
Subtopics:
○ Rate law, Order of reaction (Zero & First order), Temperature dependence of reaction rates:Arrhenius equation, concept of activation energy.
○ Theories of chemical kinetics: Simple collision theory based on hard sphere model, evaluation of rate constants of atomic reactions, extension to molecular reactions, limitations. transition state theory.Kineticsalt effects.
Topic 2: Catalysis
Subtopics:
○ Characteristics of catalyzed reactions, Acid-Base catalysis with examples;homogeneous catalysis;enzyme kinetics;Michaelis Menten equation,
Topic 3: Kinetics of photochemical reactions
Subtopics:
○ Photochemical decomposition of hydrogen iodide. Hydrogen-chlorine and hydrogen-bromine reactions, Comparison with thermal decomposition reactions.
Topic 4: Photochemistry
Subtopics:
○ Interaction of radiation with matter, difference between thermal and photochemical processes. Laws of photochemistry. Stark-Einstein law, Jablonski diagram qualitative description of fluorescence, phosphorescence, non-radiative processes (internal conversion, intersystem crossing), quantum yield, photosensitized reactions, energy transfer processes (simple examples).
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Unit V: States of Matter
Topic 1: Gaseous State
Subtopics:
○ Deviation of gases from ideal behavior, PV isotherms of real gases, continuity of states, the isotherms of vander Waal’s equation, relationship between critical constants and vander Waal’s constants, the law of corresponding states, reduced equation of state.
○ Root mean square, average and most probable velocities. Maxwell’s distribution of molecular velocities, collision number, mean free path and collision diameter,
Topic 2: Liquid State
Subtopics:
○ Liquefaction of gases (based on Joule-Thomson effect) and adiabatic expansion. Intermolecular forces,
Topic 3: Solid State
Subtopics:
○ Symmetry elements in crystals, Lattice planes and Miller indices. X-ray diffraction by crystals, derivation of Bragg’s equation and its application.
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Unit VI: Laws of Thermodynamics and Chemical Equilibria
Topic 1: First Law of thermodynamics
Subtopics:
○ Heat capacity, heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure and their relationship. Joule-thomson coefficient and inversion temperature.
○ Calculation of w, q, dU & dH for the expansion of ideal and nonideal (van der Waals) gases under isothermal and adiabatic conditions for reversible.
○ Bond dissociation energy and its calculation from thermo-chemical data. Kirchhoff’s equation.
Topic 2: Second law of thermodynamics
Subtopics:
○ Concept of entropy, entropy as a state function, entropy as a function of V&T and P&T, entropy change in physical processes.Entropy as a criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium.
○ Gibbs function(G) and Helmholtz function (A) as criteria for thermodynamic equilibrium and spontaneity. Variation of G and A with P, V and T.
Topic 3: Statistical thermodynamics
Subtopics:
○ Boltzmann distribution; kinetic theory of gases; partition functions and their relation to thermodynamic quantities – calculationsfor model systems.
Topic 4: Chemical Equilibria
Subtopics:
○ Equilibrium constant and free energy change. Reaction isotherm and reaction isochore, Clapeyron equation and Clausius-Clapeyron equation, applications.
○ Thermodynamics of elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing point. Activity and activity coefficient.
○ Thermodynamic mixing functions of ideal and nonideal solutions, , Gibbs-Duhem equation, Fugacity of gases, calculation of fugacity from P, T data, concept of ideal and nonideal solutions, Raoult’s Law, Henry Law, colligative properties,abnormal molecular mass, Concept of activity and activity co-efficient.
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Unit VII: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Topic 1: Chemical Bonding and Periodic Properties
Subtopics:
○ Chemical Bonding: Ionic Solids: Ionic Structures; Radius ratio effect, Coordination number and limitations of radius ratio rule. Lattice defects; Lattice energy and Born Haber Cycle. Solvation energy and solubility of ionic solids. Polarizing power and polarizability of ions; Fajan’s rules. Metallic bond: Characteristics; comparison with ionic and covalent bonds and theories. Valence bond theory: Directional Characteristics of Covalent bond; types of Hybridization. Limitations of VB theory. VSEPR theory: Assumptions; prediction of shapes of molecules.Molecular Orbital Theory: LCAO, Energy level diagram of homo- & heteronuclear diatomic molecules like N₂, O₂, F₂,CO, NO and HCl. Multicentre bonding in electron deficient molecules; Bond strength and Bond energy. Percent ionic character from dipole moment and electronegativity difference. Weak interactions: Hydrogen bonding (concept, types; effect on properties) and Vander Waal forces.
○ Periodic properties: Atomic, Ionic, Metallic and Vander Waal radii. Ionization Potentials, successive ionization potentials; Electronegativity and Electron affinity: Trends in Periodic table and Applications in predicting and explaining the Chemical behavior.
Topic 2: Main group elements and their compounds
Subtopics:
○ Fluorides and Oxides of Xenon, properties, structure and bonding (VB and MO treatment).
○ Boron Hydrides: Introduction, Nomenclature, Structure and bonding in diborane (including higher boranes), empirical rules for bonding and structure in boranes,
○ Oxides and Oxyacids of nitrogen (Structure-bonding and Uses).
○ Oxygen fluorides, Oxides and Oxyacids of Sulphur (Properties,Structure-bonding).
○ Halogens:Interhalogens; Polyhalides,Pseudohalogens,(Structure – bonding).
Topic 3: Transition and Inner Transition Elements
Subtopics:
○ Transition Elements: Definition, Classification, Electronic Configuration. Physico-chemical properties: Atomic radii, Ionic radii, Metallic character and related properties; Ionization energies: Variable oxidation states: Ionic, covalent character and Acidic/basic character of compounds of a given transition metal in various oxidation states and stabilization of unusual oxidation states. Spectral and Magnetic properties; calculation and uses of magnetic moment value.
○ Inner Transition Elements: Comparative account of transition and inner transition elements, d and f orbitals. Lanthanoids: Electronic configuration, Oxidation states, Magnetic properties and Complexingbehaviour. Cause and Consequences of lanthanide contraction.
Topic 4: Coordination Compounds
Subtopics:
○ Werner’s Coordination Theory. Effective atomic number: Concept and its significance. IUPAC Nomenclature and Stereochemistry of Coordination numbers (2-6) Isomerism in Coordination Compounds: (including geometrical and optical) Valence bond and Crystal field theories to explain, structure, bonding, magnetic and spectral properties in transition metal complexes(tetrahedral; square planar and octahedral), 10 Dq ; Factors affecting the magnitude of 10 Dq; pairing energy and CFSE in weak and strong field ligands. Spectrochemical series, John-Teller distortion; M.O treatment of octahedral complexes. Term symbol, splitting of term by ligands. Rules for electron transition. Orgel diagram for d1 to d9 system in octahedral and tetrahedral geometries Charge transfer spectra.
Topic 5: Organometallic Compounds
Subtopics:
○ Definition, classification, Transition metal-to carbon sigma bonded compounds. Synthesis and bonding of Alkyne,Alkene and allyl transition metal complexes, cyclopentadienyl and arene metal complexes, Homogeneous catalysis involving organometallic compounds; Hydrogenation, Polymerization reactions.
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Unit VIII: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Topic 1: Fundamentals
Subtopics:
○ IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds.
Topic 2: Reactive intermediates
Subtopics:
○ Structure & stability of carbocations (Classical & non classical), Carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, nitrenes & arynes.
Topic 3: Stereochemistry
Subtopics:
○ Chirality, planar, central and axial symmetry, configuration systems E& Z configuration, D, L and R&S concept, conformational analysis of six membered ring systems. Stereochemistry of the compounds containing nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus.
Topic 4: Aromaticity
Subtopics:
○ Concept, Huckel rule with examples, Annulenes, benzenoid and non-benzenoid systems. Homoaromaticity and antiaromaticity.
Topic 5: Electrophilic substitution
Subtopics:
○ Theoretical treatment, structure – reactivity relationship in monosubstituted benzene, isomer proportions, orientation in benzene with more thanone substituent. Vilsmeir-Heack reaction, Reimer-Teiman reaction, Pechman reaction, Fries rearrangement.
Topic 6: Aromatic substitution reactions
Subtopics:
○ Aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions, general introduction to different mechanisms, structure reactivity relationship, Substitution through diazonium ions.
Topic 7: Addition reactions
Subtopics:
○ Addition to C=C involving electrophile and nucleophiles, general mechanism, orientation and stereochemistry, Addition to cyclopropane, hydroboration. Micheal reaction.
○ Addition to Carbon heteroatom multiple bond: mechanism of nucleophilic addition to Carbon oxygen multiple bond, Mannich reaction, Reformatsky reaction, Tollens reaction, Witting reactions, Aldol condensation, Cannizaro’s reaction, Perkin reaction, Knoevenagel reaction, benzoin condensation,
Topic 8: Elimination reactions
Subtopics:
○ description of E1, E2, E1Cb& E2Cb mechanisms, Satzyff& Hoffman Rule, cleavage of quartnary ammonium hydroxides, conversion of vicinal dihalides to Olefins,
Topic 9: Reaction Mechanism
Subtopics:
○ SN1 & SN2 mechanisms, Neighboring group participation, Substitution at Allylic & Vinylic, Mechanism of following rearrangements: Wagner-Meerwein, Pinacolone, Benzil-Bezillic acid, Wolf’s, Hoffman, Curtius, Bayer-Villager & Wittig.
Topic 10: Pericyclic reactions
Subtopics:
○ Cycloadditions, electrocyclic reactions & Sigmatropic rearrangements.
Topic 11: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Subtopics:
○ Nuclear spin, nuclear resonance, saturation, shielding and de-shielding of magnetic nuclei, chemical shifts and its measurements, factors influencing chemical shift, spin-spin interactions, coupling constant J’ and spin decoupling.
Topic 12: Infrared Spectroscopy
Subtopics:
○ Characteristic vibrational frequencies of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ethers, phenols and amines. Detailed study of vibrational frequencies of carbonyl compounds (ketones, aldehydes, esters, amides, acid anhydrides, lactones, lactams and conjugated carbonyl compounds). Effect of hydrogen bonding and solvent effect.
Topic 13: Biomolecules
Subtopics:
○ Structure, classification and functional importance of Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, Nucleic Acids.
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EXAM STRUCTURE / SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
(Only if explicitly provided in the uploaded document)
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SYLLABUS SUMMARY (Auto-Generated)
• Total Units: 8
• Total Topics: 37
• Exam: Lecturer (10+2) Chemistry
• Subject: Chemistry
• Exam Year: 2025
✓ Extracted verbatim from the official uploaded document