Zoology

Jammu and Kashmir Public Services Commission (JKPSC)
Exam: Lecturer (10+2) Zoology
Subject / Paper: Zoology
Exam Cycle: 2025
Exam Type: Computer-Based Test (CBT)
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COURSE OVERVIEW
Exam Name: Lecturer (10+2) Zoology
Conducting Authority: Jammu and Kashmir Public Services Commission (JKPSC)
Level: Competitive
Examination Type: MCQs
No. of Questions: 100 MCQs
Total Marks: 100 Marks
Duration: 2 Hours
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LIST OF UNITS (Verbatim)
Unit I: ANIMAL DIVERSITY
Unit II: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
Unit III: CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Unit IV: GENETICS
Unit V: ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
Unit VI: SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION
Unit VII: ECOLOGY
Unit VIII: WILDLIFE BIOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND MANAGEMENT
Unit IX: REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Unit X: IMMUNOLOGY
Unit XI: APPLIED ZOOLOGY
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UNIT-WISE DETAILED SYLLABUS (Verbatim)

Unit I: ANIMAL DIVERSITY

Topic 1: a) Basic concepts:
Subtopics:
○ 1. Levels of structural organizations: unicellular, colonial, & multicellular forms
○ 2. Levels of organization of tissues, organs, & systems
○ 3. Symmetry and tissue layers
○ 4. Coelom and its types
○ 5. Reproduction and development
○ 6. Outline the classification of the animal kingdom and their evolutionary relationships
Topic 2: b) Non-chordates:
Subtopics:
○ 1. General characters and classification of non-chordates up to class level
○ 2. Protozoa: locomotion and nutrition
○ 3. Porifera: canal system and skeletal elements
○ 4. Coelenterates: polymorphism and coral reefs & their formation
○ 5. Platyhelminthes and nemathelminthes: parasitism and parasitic adaptations. Pathogenicity and life cycle of Taenia, Schistosoma, Ascaris, and Ancylostoma
○ 6. Annelida: coelom formation and filter feeding in polychaetes
○ 7. Arthropoda: mouth parts and metamorphosis in insects
○ 8. Mollusca: modification of the foot and torsion & detorsion in gastropods
○ 9. Echinodermata: water vascular system & larval forms
Topic 3: c) Chordates:
Subtopics:
○ 1. Origin of chordates. General characters & classification of chordates up to the order level
○ 2. Hemichordates: phylogeny and affinities. Retrogressive metamorphosis
○ 3. Pisces: skeleton, respiration, and osmoregulation in fishes
○ 4. Amphibians: origin and evolution; paedomorphosis and neoteny
○ 5. Reptiles: snakes, lizards, turtles & tortoises, crocodiles & alligators
○ 6. Aves: feathers, beaks, and claws. Flight adaptations
○ 7. Mammals: hair structure, dentition, and adaptive radiations
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Unit II: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY

Topic 1: a) Nutrition:
Subtopics:
○ 1. Animal food, composition, feeding types, intracellular & extracellular digestion
○ 2. Digestive enzymes and their functions; GIT Hormones
○ 3. Absorption and assimilation
Topic 2: b) Respiration:
Subtopics:
○ 1. Comparative physiology of respiration
○ 2. Respiratory mechanism- Pulmonary ventilation and gaseous exchange
○ 3. Respiratory volumes and capacities in Humans
○ 4. Regulation of respiration and respiratory disorders in humans
Topic 3: c) Excretion:
Subtopics:
○ 1. Detailed structure of the human kidney
○ 2. Physiology of excretion: nephron structure & urine formation; electrolyte balance
○ 3. Artificial kidney
○ 4. Excretory disorders in humans
Topic 4: d) Circulation:
Subtopics:
○ 1. Vertebrate heart: its structure & working
○ 2. Cardiac activity: cardiac cycle, cardiac output, heartbeat, heart rate, and ECG
○ 3. Blood: Composition, volume, functions, ABO blood groups, and Rh factor
○ 4. Blood coagulation
Topic 5: e) Control and coordination:
Subtopics:
○ 1. Nervous system: CNS and PNS; structure of neuron; physiology of nerve impulse
○ 2. Sense organs: physiology of vision and hearing
○ 3. Endocrine glands structure & functions; hormones- nature & mechanism of action
○ 4. Hormonal disorders in humans
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Unit III: CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Topic 1: a) Structure and functions of the cell:
Subtopics:
○ 1. Plasma membrane: chemical composition, structure, and functions
○ 2. Nucleus: morphological organization and nucleolus
○ 3. Structure and functions of cell organelles
○ 4. Cell division and cell cycle; control and regulation of the cell cycle
Topic 2: b) Structure and organization of chromatin:
Subtopics:
○ 1. Biochemical composition, structure, and types of chromosomes
○ 2. Specialized chromosomes: lamptrush and polytene, extra-chromosomal genome
○ 3. Structural and numerical changes in chromosomes
○ 4. Biology of cells; effect of radiation on cancer cells and carcinogens
Topic 3: c) Biomolecules of life
Subtopics:
○ 1. Carbohydrates: structure, types & functions
○ 2. Lipids: structure, types & functions
○ 3. Proteins: basic structure and functions
○ 4. Nucleic acids: composition, types & functions
Topic 4: d) Molecular biology
Subtopics:
○ 1. Replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
○ 2. DNA damage & repair
○ 3. Transcription & its regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
○ 4. Translation and post-translational modifications in eukaryotes
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Unit IV: GENETICS

Topic 1: Genetics
Subtopics:
○ 1. Mendelian principles
○ 2. Concept of gene, multiple alleles, complementary & supplementary genes
○ 3. Extension of Mendelian principles: co-dominance, incomplete dominance
○ 4. Linkage and crossing over, sex limited and sex influenced characters
○ 5. Sex determination: history and chromosomal theory
○ 6. Human genetics: pedigree analysis, single gene disorders and their inheritance (Colour blindness, Haemophilia, Sickle cell anemia, Cystic fibrosis)
○ 7. Chromosomal aberrations: deletion, duplication, inversion & translocation
○ 8. Autosomal abnormalities: Down syndrome, Patau syndrome, & Edwards syndrome
○ 9. Sex anomalies: Turner’s syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and Klinefelter’s syndrome
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Unit V: ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR

Topic 1: a) Biological rhythms:
Subtopics:
○ 1. Circadian and circannual rhythms
○ 2. Migration (fishes and birds), orientation, and navigation
Topic 2: b) Learning and memory:
Subtopics:
○ 1. Habituation
○ 2. Classical conditioning
○ 3. Instrumental conditioning
○ 4. Imprinting
Topic 3: c) Behaviour
Subtopics:
○ 1. Social behaviour: aggression and its types; group & kin selection
○ 2. Innate behaviour: definition and examples
○ 3. Parental behaviour, reproductive behaviour/ sexual selection
○ 4. Ecological aspects of behaviour: homing, territoriality, dispersal
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Unit VI: SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION

Topic 1: Systematics and Evolution
Subtopics:
○ 1. Taxonomic collections, characters, and methods of identification
○ 2. Theories of biological classification
○ 3. Species concept and hierarchical taxa
○ 4. Biological nomenclature
○ 5. Speciation: allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric
○ 6. Theories of evolution: Lamarckism, Darwinism, Mutation theory, Neo-Darwinism
○ 7. Evidence of biological evolution
○ 8. Interspecific categories, variations and their importance
○ 9. Hardy-Weinberg’s Principle: factors affecting it
○ 10. Human Evolution
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Unit VII: ECOLOGY

Topic 1: Ecology
Subtopics:
○ 1. Concept of ecosystem: components and types
○ 2. Biogeochemical cycles: carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus
○ 3. Primary and secondary productivity
○ 4. Energy flow in different ecosystems, food chains, food webs, and trophic levels
○ 5. Environmental pollutions: air, water, noise & land
○ 6. Attributes of population: natality, mortality, life-tables & survivorship curves
○ 7. Population growth: exponential and logistic growth patterns; growth models
○ 8. Life history strategies: r and k selection, clutch size, and sex-ratio
○ 9. Community characteristics: dominance, diversity, species richness & abundance
○ 10. Ecological niche: concept, types, and examples
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Unit VIII: WILDLIFE BIOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND MANAGEMENT

Topic 1: Wildlife Biology, Conservation, and Management
Subtopics:
○ 1. Ecological zones of India/ distribution of wildlife in India
○ 2. Wildlife of Jammu and Kashmir: Status/detailed account
○ 3. Methods/techniques of studying wildlife
○ 4. Measures for wildlife protection, conservation, and management
○ 5. Sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves, and their characteristic wildlife
○ 6. Categories of threatened species
○ 7. Wildlife Protection Act (1972): its brief structure and recent amendments
○ 8. Wildlife conventions and organizations: RAMSAR, CITES, IUCN, WWF
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Unit IX: REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Topic 1: Reproductive and Developmental Biology
Subtopics:
○ 1. Male and female reproductive organs of humans
○ 2. Gametogenesis: spermatogenesis and oogenesis
○ 3. Vitellogenesis
○ 4. Reproductive cycle: estrous and menstrual cycle
○ 5. Mechanism of fertilization
○ 6. Cleavage: types and patterns
○ 7. Gastrulation: embryological significance of three germ layers; fate maps
○ 8. Development and organogenesis of the chick (heart, brain, spinal cord, and eye)
○ 9. Extra-embryonic membranes
○ 10. Placenta: structure, types, and functions
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Unit X: IMMUNOLOGY

Topic 1: Immunology
Subtopics:
○ 1. Historical background & scope of immunology
○ 2. Cells, tissues, and organs of the immune system
○ 3. Innate immunity and acquired immunity
○ 4. Vaccines and their types
○ 5. Complement system: components & pathways of its activation
○ 6. Immune deficiencies: primary & secondary
○ 7. Tumor immunology and tumor immunotherapy
○ 8. Hypersensitivity reactions: types and mechanisms
○ 9. Autoimmune diseases
○ 10. Transplantation immunology: types of grafts; mechanism of homograft rejection
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Unit XI: APPLIED ZOOLOGY

Topic 1: a) Applied entomology
Subtopics:
○ 1. Insects as food & medicine
○ 2. Insects as biological control agents
○ 3. Role of beneficial insects in agriculture
Topic 2: b) Animal breeding and animal products
Subtopics:
○ 1. Inbreeding and outbreeding: modern methods of breeding for sheep and cattle
○ 2. Classification, action, and uses of animal poisons
○ 3. Vermiculture and vermicompost
Topic 3: c) Aquaculture and culture techniques
Subtopics:
○ 1. Aquaculture: status and prospects; induced breeding
○ 2. Trout and carp culture; composite fish culture; integrated fish farming
○ 3. Prawn culture & pearl culture techniques
Topic 4: d) Animal biotechnology
Subtopics:
○ 1. Concept and scope of biotechnology; gene manipulation
○ 2. Genetically modified organisms: production of cloned and transgenic animals
○ 3. Recombinant DNA technology and its applications for the production of biomolecules
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EXAM STRUCTURE / SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
(Only if explicitly provided in the uploaded document)
• Paper / Section details: [Verbatim]
• Number of questions: [Verbatim]
• Marks distribution: [Verbatim]
• Question type: [Verbatim]
• Duration: [Verbatim]
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SYLLABUS SUMMARY (Auto-Generated)
• Total Units: 11
• Total Topics: 28
• Exam: Lecturer (10+2) Zoology
• Subject: Zoology
• Exam Year: 2025
✓ Extracted verbatim from the official uploaded document